SSL

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
SSL is a security protocol that establishes an encrypted connection between a web server and a web browser, ensuring that all data transferred between them remains private and secure. SSL prevents third parties from intercepting sensitive information, such as credit card details, login credentials, and personal data. While SSL has largely been replaced by its successor, TLS (Transport Layer Security), the term “SSL” is still commonly used.

How SSL Works

  1. Handshake Process: SSL begins with a “handshake” between the client (browser) and server. During this process, they authenticate each other and agree on encryption methods.
  2. Encryption: After the handshake, SSL encrypts the data exchanged between the server and client, ensuring that it remains unreadable to anyone who intercepts it.
  3. Data Integrity: SSL ensures data integrity, meaning that data cannot be modified or tampered with during transfer without detection. This prevents malicious parties from altering the information exchanged.

SSL Certificates

For SSL to function, a website needs an SSL certificate issued by a Certificate Authority (CA). This certificate verifies the site’s identity, confirming that users are connecting to the intended site and not an impostor. SSL certificates display as a padlock icon in the browser’s address bar, giving users confidence that their connection is secure.

Types of SSL Certificates

  • Domain Validated (DV): Basic validation to confirm domain ownership, suitable for personal sites.
  • Organization Validated (OV): More thorough validation, confirming organization details, suited for business sites.
  • Extended Validation (EV): The highest level of validation, displaying the organization’s name in the browser’s address bar, ideal for e-commerce and high-trust sites.

Benefits of SSL

  • Data Security: SSL encrypts data, protecting it from hackers and eavesdroppers.
  • User Trust: A secure connection builds trust, as users feel safer entering personal data on SSL-protected sites.
  • SEO Boost: Search engines favor secure websites, meaning SSL can improve a site’s search ranking.

Transition to TLS

While SSL is still widely known, modern connections typically use TLS (Transport Layer Security), an upgraded and more secure protocol. However, SSL/TLS are often used interchangeably in everyday language.